GLOBAL CRUDE OIL SUPPLY
Premium Crude Oil Trading Solutions
CRUDE GRADES
Major Crude Oil Benchmarks & Grades
Brent Blend
API: 38.3° | Sulfur: 0.37%
North Sea benchmark crude, light sweet quality, waterborne delivery
- Loading: Sullom Voe, UK
- Production: 500,000 BPD
- Pricing: Dated Brent
- Key Markets: Europe, Asia
WTI (West Texas Intermediate)
API: 39.6° | Sulfur: 0.24%
US benchmark crude, very light and sweet, pipeline delivery
- Delivery: Cushing, Oklahoma
- Production: 2M BPD
- Pricing: NYMEX WTI
- Key Markets: Americas, Asia
Bonny Light
API: 33.5° | Sulfur: 0.14%
Nigerian light sweet crude, high gasoline yield
- Loading: Bonny Terminal
- Production: 200,000 BPD
- Pricing: Dated Brent + Premium
- Key Markets: Europe, US, Asia
Urals
API: 31.2° | Sulfur: 1.35%
Russian medium sour crude blend, pipeline and sea delivery
- Loading: Primorsk, Ust-Luga
- Production: 1.2M BPD
- Pricing: Dated Brent - Discount
- Key Markets: Europe, China
Arab Light
API: 33.0° | Sulfur: 1.77%
Saudi medium crude, OPEC pricing benchmark
- Loading: Ras Tanura
- Production: 5M+ BPD
- Pricing: OSP Formula
- Key Markets: Global
Basrah Heavy
API: 24.7° | Sulfur: 3.5%
Iraqi heavy sour crude, significant production volumes
- Loading: Basrah Terminal
- Production: 1.5M BPD
- Pricing: Official Selling Price
- Key Markets: Asia, Europe
QUALITY PARAMETERS
Crude Oil Quality Specifications
| Parameter | Light Sweet Crude | Medium Sour Crude | Heavy Sour Crude | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| API Gravity | 35° - 45° | 25° - 35° | 10° - 25° | Density indicator, refining yield |
| Sulfur Content | < 0.5% | 0.5% - 1.5% | > 1.5% | Environmental compliance, refining cost |
| Pour Point | -40°C to -10°C | -30°C to 0°C | -10°C to +30°C | Transportation and storage requirements |
| Viscosity | 2 - 10 cSt | 10 - 50 cSt | 50 - 500 cSt | Pumpability and pipeline flow |
| Gasoline Yield | 40% - 50% | 25% - 40% | 15% - 25% | Refining product slate value |
| Residue Yield | 10% - 20% | 20% - 40% | 40% - 60% | Heavy product output |
| Acid Number | < 0.5 mg KOH/g | 0.5 - 1.5 mg KOH/g | > 1.5 mg KOH/g | Corrosiveness and refining challenges |
SUPPLY REGIONS
Global Crude Oil Supply Sources
Middle East
Largest crude oil reserves and production capacity globally
- Saudi Arabia: Arab Light, Arab Heavy
- UAE: Murban, Upper Zakum
- Kuwait: Kuwait Export Crude
- Iraq: Basrah Light, Basrah Heavy
- Qatar: Marine, Land Crude
Russia & Caspian
Major non-OPEC producer with extensive pipeline infrastructure
- Russia: Urals, ESPO, Sokol
- Kazakhstan: CPC Blend, Kumkol
- Azerbaijan: Azeri Light
- Turkmenistan: Turkmen Blend
- Uzbekistan: Uzbek Light
Africa
Premium light sweet crudes with high refining value
- Nigeria: Bonny Light, Forcados
- Angola: Girassol, Cabinda
- Algeria: Saharan Blend
- Libya: Es Sider
- Egypt: Suez Blend
Americas
Diverse crude slate from shale and conventional production
- USA: WTI, LLS, Bakken
- Canada: WCS, Syncrude
- Mexico: Maya, Isthmus
- Brazil: Lula, Buzios
- Venezuela: Merey, Santa Barbara
TRADING SOLUTIONS
Crude Oil Trading Options
Spot Trading
Immediate physical delivery with flexible pricing and rapid execution
- Single cargo transactions
- Prompt loading dates
- Market-based pricing
- Quick decision process
- Flexible destinations
Term Contracts
Long-term supply agreements with stable pricing and guaranteed volumes
- 6-12 month contracts
- Fixed or formula pricing
- Volume commitments
- Supply security
- Relationship building
Structured Deals
Customized solutions including swaps, options, and price risk management
- Price risk hedging
- Differential trading
- Optionality structures
- Basis risk management
- Customized solutions
LOGISTICS
Crude Oil Delivery Options
VLCC & Tanker
Very Large Crude Carriers for long-haul maritime transport (2M barrel capacity)
Pipeline
Extensive pipeline networks for inland and cross-border crude transportation
Storage & Blending
Strategic storage facilities and crude blending services at key hubs
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